The Success and Failures of Diversification Strategies Essay

The Success and Failures of Diversification Strategies - Essay Example From the study it is clear that in order to examine the corporate strategy of diversification, it is important to gain an understanding of the concept. Looking at the theories and types of diversification potentials allow for a developed knowledge of this business strategy. As well, looking at firms who have diversified and the eventual results will further the investigation. Specific examinations of General Electric and Berkshire Hathaway in comparison with Tesco, HSBC, and Vodafone will allow for examples of diversified interests to reveal how these strategies are successful or without success.As the discussion stresses  DuPont is considered the leading pioneer of diversification. The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 in the United States limited the ability of a corporation to grow through acquisitions and mergers. In 1916 DuPont became the target of an investigation that was pivotal in the future of the strategy of diversification. DuPont, however, did continue to grow through the additions of  chemicals and paints to its gunpowder. The Cellar-Kefauver Act of 1950 made it more difficult to achieve vertical and horizontal integration, thus promoting more diversifications that were the beginnings of the conglomerations. New tariff policies that grew through the 20th century also encouraged companies to turn to diversifications strategies in order to compete with foreign imports that were cheaper and impeded the progress of companies that depended on the products that were not available.

Dance Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Dance Philosophy Essay Dance is the reason I exist and as cheesy as it sounds its true. In 1982 my father met my mother at a dance club. He said after watching her dancing with her friends he had to talk to her. Dance has the power to cross boundaries and touch one’s soul. As a form dance can be anything. Rain falling into a pound, an individual tying their shoe, a swan boureeing across a stage or man rolling across a stage can all be dance. Dance is a series of movements stitched together with an intent and frame. Weather the intent is to express emotion, showcase technique, or make a statement it is all dance. I started dancing in high school after a teacher of mine recommended I take a class. My first real dance class was ballet. It was a foreign language to me. At first it was a string of movements empty in meaning and emotion. I just danced through the motions until one day my teacher told us that we needed to bring the movement to life. I did not understand this concept at first, how could movement come to life? It wasn’t until I began taking a modern class that I understood this concept. I could use movement to express my own thoughts, fears, joys, and questions. When I try and analyze what dances means to me, ultimately, I see it as a multifaceted entity. Dance is part of my identity and without it I believe I would struggle with understanding who I am. First and foremost dance for me has always been a form of therapy. Growing up I hated conflict and as a result internalized my issues. Through dance I was able to find a reliable outlet to release my frustrations, fears, and inhibitions, which allowed me to explore my personal struggles through movement. Secondly I believe that movement has the power to transcend boundaries and make statements that are often hard to say. Movement is an outlet to foster awareness, dialogue, change and growth while bridging the gap between artistic expression and community dialogue.

Examining The Types Of Transaction Processing System Information Technology Essay

Examining The Types Of Transaction Processing System Information Technology Essay A transaction is any event, the real test, the data created or modified before storing in an information system through Transaction processing features Business success depends on reliable transaction processing to ensure that orders reach customers on time, and that partners and suppliers paid and can afford. The range of transaction processing is, therefore, led to a lively part of effective corporate governance, organizations like the Association of Labour Process Improvement and Transaction Processing Performance Council Systems transaction processing companies provide the means to ensure a smooth fast transaction processing for debit and development processes across the enterprise. Usually, a TPS will have the following characteristics: A supercomputing Rapid processing of transactions is critical to the success of any business now more than ever, given the developments in technology and customer demand for immediate action. TPS systems have been developed to trade almost immediately to ensure that customer data available to the processes they need. Reliability Similarly, customers do not tolerate mistakes. TPS systems must be designed not only to trade I was never able to pass through the net, but the systems remain permanently even in operation. TPS systems, therefore, are developed to integrate complete security monitoring systems and disaster recovery. These measures maintain the failure rate is within tolerance. Standardization Transactions should be processed in the same way each time to maximize efficiency. To ensure this, TPS interfaces are developed to obtain identical data for each transaction, regardless of the client. Controlled access Since the TPS can be systems such as a powerful business tool, access should be limited to only those employees who require their use. Limited access to the system ensures that employees, their qualifications and ability to control, can not affect the failure of the transaction. Qualifying transaction processing To qualify for TPS, transactions must pass through the acid test. ACID tests associated with the following four conditions: Individuality Atomicity means that a transaction is either completed or not at all. For example, if the money will be transferred from one account to another, it will not become a bone fide transactions, even though both withdrawal and deposit. If an account is charged and others are not appropriated can not be regarded as a measure. TPS systems to ensure that transactions take place in its entirety. Consistency TPS systems in a number of operating rules (or constraints). If you find a cap that all transactions must have a positive value in a database for each transaction will be rejected with a negative value. Isolation Transactions must be entered in a vacuum instead. For example, if you do a fund between the two accounts of debit and credit is made by others seem to take place simultaneously. Funds may be credited to the account before being loaded onto another. Resistance Once the transaction can not be undone. To ensure that this happens even if a loss of TPS, a document file created by the completion of all transactions. These four conditions TPS systems to engage in a systematic, standardized and reliable. Types of transactions The settlement process should be standardized in order to maximize efficiency, each requires a custom transaction process in accordance with business strategies and processes. For this reason, there are two types of operations: Batch processing batch processing is a resource-saving move, the processing of data at preset. batch processing is useful for companies who need to process large volumes of data using limited resources. Examples include processing transactions for credit card transactions monthly batch processed in real time. Credit card transactions are made only once a month to produce an explanation for the customer, batch processing saves computational resources to process separately for each transaction. Real-time processing In many cases, the most important factor is speed. For example, if a bank customer receives a sum of money in the account, it is important to keep processing transactions and updating account balance as soon as possible so that a part of both Bank and client funds. Database Management Issues The purpose of this book are correct and up to date understanding and appreciation for the practical aspects of critical yet poorly understood key aspects of the database. It identifies and explains some basic concepts, principles and techniques constantly causing trouble for users and suppliers. Evaluate the treatment of these topics in SQL (standard and commercial applications) and provides specific guidance and practical advice on how to handle (and how not to). Includes carefully, especially thin and misunderstood issues complex data types, missing information, data depends on the question hierarchies and so on -. Clear and concise format for busy professional database Three decades ago relational technology put the database field on a sound scientific basis for the first time. But database industry producers, users, experts and media has failed, in essence, principles, focusing instead on a cookbook approach to product without conceptual understanding. The consequences have been costly: DBMS products, databases, applications and development tools are not always perform up to expectation or potential, and may encourage the wrong questions and incorrect answers. Practical issues in database management is an attempt to create these persistent and costly problem. Written for database designers, developers, managers and users, it addresses the basic, often recurring problems and problems that practitioners even the most experienced here seem to systematically misunderstand, namely: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unstructured data and complex data types à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ business rules and implementation of integrity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Buttons à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Copy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Normalization and denormalization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Entity subtypes and supertypes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ data hierarchies and recursive queries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Redundancy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Share query à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ lack of information Fabian Pascal examine these critical issues in detail, comparing the cost of serious mistreatment of the practical benefits of implementing the right solutions. With a focus on principles and practices used examples Practice problems in the real world database to provide an assessment of current technology SQL-based DBMS products and, if possible, provide concrete recommendations and solutions. From the insight provided by practical problems in database management, youll be in better position to evaluate these products, use their skills and weaknesses to avoid. Database Architecture database professionals today are faced with more choices when you consider the use of architecture to meet the different needs of employers and / or address of the customer. The text below provides an overview of three main types of database architectures and sub-categories, as well as provide an insight into the strengths of each. Application logic The database architecture is based on how the application logic is distributed throughout the system can be distinguished. Application logic consists of three elements: presentation logic, processing logic and logical storage. Presentation logic component is responsible for formatting and presenting data on the screen of the data processing logic manages user data processing logic, business rules, logic and data management logic. Finally, the logical storage unit that is responsible for the storage and retrieval of current devices, such as a hard disk or RAM. In determining the level (s) of these components, we develop a good idea what kind of architecture and subtype can be achieved. A tier architecture Imagine a person on a desktop computer to load Microsoft Access, a list of personal addresses and phone numbers he or she has stored in MS Windows My Documents folder is used. This is an example of database-tier architecture. Program (Microsoft Access) to operate the local users computer, and points to a file stored on the hard disk of the machine, so that access to a unique natural resource and process information. Another example of a one-tier architecture is a file-server architecture. In this scenario, a database of the group from a shared location on a computer are stored. Members of a group working with a software package such as Microsoft Access, to upload data and process them locally on your computer. In this case, the data may be shared between users, but all processing is performed on the local computer. In fact, only one file server external hard drive from which files are recovered. Another way of architecture level showed that the mainframe computer. In this system obsolete, large machines can direct terminal ill with the tools to open, view and manage data. Although this system as a client-server, since all the computing power (both data and applications) is made from a single computer, we have a one-tier architecture. The architecture can be beneficial when dealing with data from a particular user (or small number of users), and a relatively small amount of data. We are going to implement something cheap and clean. Two Tier Client/Server Architectures A two-tier architecture is one that is familiar to many of todays computer users.   A common implementation of this type of system is that of a Microsoft Windows based client program that accesses a server database such as Oracle or SQL Server.   Users interact through a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to communicate with the database server across a network via SQL (Structured Query Language). In two-tier architectures it is important to note that two configurations exist.   A thin-client (fat-server) configuration exists when most of the processing occurs on the server tier.   Conversely, a fat-client (thin-server) configuration exists when most of the processing occurs on the client machine. Another example of a two-tier architecture can be seen in web-based database applications.   In this case, users interact with the database through applications that are hosted on a web-server and displayed through a web-browser such as Internet Explorer. The web server processes the web application, which can be written in a language such as PHP or ASP.   The web app connects to a database server to pass along SQL statements which in turn are used to access, view, and modify data.   The DB server then passes back the requested data which is then formatted by the web server for the user. Although this appears to be a three-tier system because of the number of machines required to complete the process, it is not.   The web-server does not normally house any of the business rules and therefore should be considered part of the client tier in partnership with the web-browser. Two-tier architectures can prove to be beneficial when we have a relatively small number of users on the system (100-150) and we desire an increased level of scalability. http://www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0011173862784565.gif Two-Tier Client-Server Architecture http://www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0021173862784580.gif Web-Based, Two-Tier Client-Server Architecture N-Tier Client/Server Architectures Most n-tier database architectures exist in a three-tier configuration. In this architecture the client/server model expands to include a middle tier (business tier), which is an application server that houses the business logic.   This middle tier relieves the client application(s) and database server of some of their processing duties by translating client calls into database queries and translating data from the database into client data in return.   Consequently, the client and server never talk directly to one-another. A variation of the n-tier architecture is the web-based n-tier application.   These systems combine the scalability benefits of n-tier client/server systems with the rich user interface of web-based systems. Because the middle tier in a three-tier architecture contains the business logic, there is greatly increased scalability and isolation of the business logic, as well as added flexibility in the choice of database vendors. http://www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0031173862902205.gif Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture http://www.windowsecurity.com/img/upl/image0041173862902221.gif Web-Based, Three-Tier Client Server Architecture

The Character of Odysseus in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Odyssey essays

The Character of Odysseus in The Odyssey Homer's epic tale The Odyssey is a story of the triumphs and downfalls that are in store for one warrior's long pillage home.   Odysseus, the hero from the Trojan wars, has led his people of Ithaca and other Achaean soldiers to victory and now wishes to return home to his wife and family of Ithaca.   Through his twenty year journey Odysseus is often tested not only of his physical strength, but his wits as well.   The many accomplishments he achieved earned him great status and recognition throughout ancient Greece.   The mistakes he made caused the deaths of many men.   Consequently, we as readers are able to see the many personas that Odysseus carries with him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Odysseus possesses every attribute that Homeric Greeks admire.   He displays loyalty, piety, manly valor and intelligence.   We see Odysseus's loyalty in book one.   Odysseus has won the Trojan War, and has been trapped on the island of Ogygia with the beautiful nymph Calypso.   For ten years, Odysseus longed to return home to his wife Penelope, despite the attractions set up by Calypso.   Never once did he accept his fate on the enchanting island.   Odysseus' loyalty to Penelope is also at hand in the following: So then, Royal son of Laertes, Odysseus, man of exploits, still eager to leave at once and hurry back to your own home, your beloved native land? Good luck to you, even so. Farewell! But if you only knew, down deep, what pains are fated to fill your cup before you reach that shore, you'd stay right here, preside in our house with me and be immortal. Much as you long to see your wife, the one you pine for all your days ... POETRY VERSION (BOOK 4) This quote states the... ...estraint is also evident in the brutal attacks of Melanthius and Antinous.   Melanthius kicking the lowly disguised Odysseus, and Antinous' blow to Odysseus with a stool.   At first instinct one would fight back, especially with the strength and agility of Odysseus.   Nevertheless Odysseus restrains and knows that a premature revealimg of his true identity would ruin the future plans in store for the total take over of his palace.   So, just as any other beggar would react, the mighty Odysseus bows his head and walks back to the hut, with visions of the soon to be victory in his head.   Looking at Odysseus in whole, the strength intelligence, arrogance, and cunning restraint stand out above all creating a truly powerful and courageous leader.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Works Cited: Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998.

The Millers Prologue And Tale Analysis English Literature Essay

Geoffrey Chaucer was a mediaeval author and regarded as the greatest of Middle English authors. Born in London, Chaucer was the boy of a affluent merchandiser who sent him to be trained at a baronial family. There he was educated and began to take journeys along with the male monarch for concern. Chaucer was a really busy man of affairs, and in his trim clip he would compose. He wrote The Canterbury Tales, during the fourteenth-century, a fabliau, which was about a group of people stating their narratives on a pilgrim's journey to the Canterbury Cathedral. The Miller ‘s tale mirrors today ‘s stand-up comedy modus operandis as evident in the Miller ‘s usage of timing, sarcasm, and personal narratives to state his narrative. † A TheA Millers Tale started by speech production of John, a carpenter, and an older gentleman, and his immature married woman, Alison, an 18 twelvemonth old adolescent. He loved her more than he loved himself. John was described as being covetous, because of her age, thereby maintaining her caged. In actuality, he was good hearted and really naA?ve. He was a typical older adult male that merely wanted to work hard and love his married woman. Alison was described as â€Å" wild and immature, with a slender, graceful organic structure † . Today there are older work forces that marry younger adult females, but normally non at such a immature age. John loved his married woman more than himself and most work forces today, who are attracted to immature adult females, are really in love and naA?ve every bit good. Alison was in love with a immature adult male that happened to be her and her hubby ‘s roomie. She was n't in love with John, yet she knew that he would make anything fo r her. At such a immature age, it sounds like she wanted what adult females in today ‘s society, would name a â€Å" sugar dada † , person to give her nutrient, shelter, money and demo her echt love. Nicholas was a clerk, and he was besides John and Alison ‘s roomie. He was immature, wild and a con-artist. He was besides, in love with Alison. Although he ne'er truly described her as did the other characters, the Miller made it evident of his fondness for her. His function in today ‘s society could be compared to a wild college pupil at an Ivy League university. He did n't mind a challenge and finally played the biggest function in the Tale because he plotted a fast one in order to pass clip with the adult female that he loved. He could read people good because he conjured up a program that worked ab initio, to flim-flam John so that he could pass the dark with Alison. He pretended that something was incorrect with him and being naA?ve, John believed him. He spoke about a major inundation and had John hanging bathing tubs. They all got in the bath until John had fallen asleep in the bath, so Alison and Nicholas snuck off to be together. While I do n't cognize anyone in today ‘s society that would travel this far, the play with Nicholas and Alison reminded me of a daytime soap opera sing they would crouch so low as to do up this narrative, and prosecute sexual brushs in Alison ‘s hubbies sleeping room. The last character in the narrative, Absolom, was besides a clerk and in love with Alison. Absolom was â€Å" reasonably and homosexual † , and day-dreamed about Alison. He described her as â€Å" spare, and so sweetly lecherous † . Like John, he was infatuated by Alison. Alison mentioned that â€Å" Absolom is populating in a bubble. He has nil but a laugh for all his problem. † It appeared that he did n't hold a hint about adult females and had ne'er dated before, but was happy merely being allowed to talk to Alison and lavish her with vocals, money and gifts. Today, there are many immature work forces like Absolom, who in secret loves a beautiful adult female but think they have no existent opportunity on holding her so, settle on woolgathering alternatively. The sarcasm of this character is that he was so clueless that he ended up blowing the screen of Nicholas and Alison ‘s love matter by firing Nicholas ‘s butt. I would state that things like th is as it relates to today ‘s society, happens when there is a sloppy deceiver, sloppy things come to visible radiation! Although there was no moral to the narrative, throughout the narrative, each character could be compared to in some facet, with people in today ‘s society. I believe the writer ran across aliens during his travel, and to maintain himself entertained, found ways to compose about these different people and utilize it for his ain ego pleasance. Possibly his occupation was so serious that he had to do visible radiation of any given state of affairs. The writer could hold really good encountered most of these people throughout his life. We will ne'er cognize what his logical thinking was, but it ‘s astonishing to see that people today are still like they were in some facet to the people in the in-between ages. The writer used timing, sarcasm, and personal narratives to maintain people interested, yet it is so closely related to today ‘s society.

The Future of Jakarta

Jakarta faces a number of problems as it develops. They include traffic congestion, flooding, waste disposal and ensuring a supply of clean water to Jakarta’s inhabitants. How serious are these problems? Will you want to live in Jakarta in 2025? Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia has suffered many problems for decades. Recent years have seen increasing concern about some problems in Jakarta. The major problems are traffic congestion, flooding, waste disposal and ensuring a supply of clean water to Jakarta’s inhabitants. These problems are interconnected.Jakarta is the best destination for Indonesians to get a better life, but this can result in traffic jams because of the overpopulation. It appears that the people of Jakarta have a bad attitude towards garbage disposal, and this contributes to the problem of flooding. Even though Jakarta has many problems, some people choose to live here and some have no other choices. As Jakarta develops, the problems are also gett ing bigger. They have to be eliminated as soon as possible to create a better future for Jakarta. Jakarta is the capital and largest city in Indonesia.Located on the northwest coast of Java, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest in the world. By this definition, I understand that Jakarta is the focus of Indonesia. Jakarta is a center of economic, cultural, education and political that can enable Jakarta to develop. We also know that Jakarta has one of the largest populations in the world. This is one of the factors of the ever-increasing major problems. This essay has been divided into three parts.The first part deals with the overpopulation in Jakarta. The second part looks at the traffic jam and flooding that are the major problems of Jakarta. The third part of this essay considers the positive things that are developing in Jakarta as a metropolitan city. Finally, I will conclude my ideas. These help us to the purpose of this essay which is deciding to live in Jakarta in 2050 or not. According to Jakarta Post (Jakarta’s growing numbers, 2010), Jakarta’s population is increasing at an alarming level. According to the recent national census, the capital city is inhabited by nearly 9.6 million people.The city’s population is 4 percent of the country’s total population of 237. 6 million people. With the new figures, we can see that the city’s population has grown 4. 4 percent over the last 10 years, up from 8. 3 million in 2000. Jakarta is a busy, overcrowded city with traffic chaos every day and slums in many areas. Currently, less than 10 percent of the city is dedicated to open spaces. We can easily guess that urbanization is the biggest factor of population growth in Jakarta because Jakarta attracts people with its advantages.For example, Young farmers prefer to leave their hom etowns to work in the city due to a lack of government incentives in the agricultural sector, while people with higher education prefer to work in Jakarta because Jakarta has the best education and job opportunities than other provinces. The problem can be solved by reducing disparities between Jakarta and other provinces. One of the major problems in Jakarta is traffic jams. Nowadays the traffic jams become worse it is difficult to go anywhere without delay. Since the modern era, everybody needs transportation to live and we cannot separate transportation and traffic.As Balie (2009) points out, statistic show total vehicles in Jakarta now are about 4,9 million, of which 2,8 million have two wheels and 2,1 million have four wheels. We almost see traffic chaos every time especially at works and school time which is at 7 am and 6 pm. There are some factors that cause traffic jams. The first one is too much private transportation such as cars and motorcycles. We can get motorcycle easi ly with only 1 million rupiah in Jakarta. People think that using public transportation may lose their privacy and uncomfortable. The second one is the bad conditions of public transportation.Jakarta has some public transportation such as buses, trains, the busway system, taxis and others, but in general it is not in a good condition so people do not want to use it. There is no definite schedule for Transjakarta or trains and both are very crowded. There are many accidents with trains or buses in Jakarta so it is unsafe too. That is why people choose private transportation. Finally, there is frequent violation of traffic regulations. People tend to break the rules because they just think about themselves, and they do not think about others.For example, if students are late for school, they will break the rules or regulations by riding fast even though it is in traffic. On the other hand, the police can be bribed easily so people will repeat their mistakes again and again. Flooding i s also a major problem in Jakarta. This occurs in Jakarta repeatedly every rainy season. Jakarta was built below sea-level. The land is below the water, creating a city that is very familiar with the problems of flooding. The government still cannot resolve that problem until now. There are some other factors that cause floods in Jakarta.The first one is a lack of awareness of people in Jakarta to obey rules. People in Jakarta appear selfish and they do not care about others. They often litter everywhere and never think about the damage they cause. For example, they throw garbage in the river or irrigation. It makes the river full of garbage and when it is rainy, it will overflow. In addition, people do not care about their environment in Jakarta. Second reason is natural factors. Heavy rain can cause flooding in Jakarta. Moreover, almost every area in Jakarta is under water and there is no area for water absorption.Flooding gives many disadvantages such as diseases and destroyed ne ighborhoods. Many children and adults are affected by malaria and other diseases, which are quite dangerous to their safety. Usually the diseases occur in the slums of Jakarta neighborhood where people do not heed the rules. In contrast, Jakarta is a metropolitan city that offers many advantages. Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo (as cited in Smith, 2009) said that Jakarta is not only as Indonesia capital city, but also center of economic, culture, and education.At this moment, Jakarta is growing strongly but its population is at the buffer zones. We can see that Jakarta is a good place for trading and manufacturing. There are lots of foreign companies in Jakarta. Jakarta is the most luxurious and busiest city in Indonesia. The other advantages are entertainment. Jakarta has modern office towers, luxury shopping malls, night clubs, restaurants and cafes, theme parks and many more. It is really comfortable and enjoyable to live in Jakarta. For example, Plaza Indonesia mall offers a theater , luxury cafes and stores that attracts many people to go there.Beside the disadvantages, Jakarta can be a comfortable place to live. It can be concluded that Jakarta as an overpopulated city has some advantages and disadvantages. Jakarta is a beautiful city and it is a good place to live if we know how to live properly there. Besides that, the problems occur every day in Jakarta because it is a busy city. We face traffic chaos every day and flooding every rainy season. The problems are still unsolved by the government and the citizens. They still put their effort to find the best solutions for Jakarta.In the future, I personally do not want to live in Jakarta if the problems are unsolved. I think Jakarta already has good entertainment and lifestyle but the traffic is too chaotic and the flooding is too dangerous. It is unsafe to live here for a long time with the pollution, diseases, crime, and much more. In 2025 if the government still does not have solutions, Jakarta will be more overpopulated and the traffic will be everywhere. So I would prefer to live in another city that is more comfortable and safe where traffic jams and flooding are not big problems. The Future Of Jakarta Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia has suffered many problems for decades. Recent years have seen increasing concern about some problems in Jakarta. The major problems are traffic congestion, flooding, waste disposal and ensuring a supply of clean water to Jakarta’s inhabitants. These problems are interconnected. Jakarta is the best destination for Indonesians to get a better life, but this can result in traffic jams because of the overpopulation. It appears that the people of Jakarta have a bad attitude towards garbage disposal, and this contributes to the problem of flooding.Even though Jakarta has many problems, some people choose to live here and some have no other choices. As Jakarta develops, the problems are also getting bigger. They have to be eliminated as soon as possible to create a better future for Jakarta. Jakarta is the capital and largest city in Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast As ia. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest in the world. By this definition, I understand that Jakarta is the focus of Indonesia.Jakarta is a center of economic, cultural, education and political that can enable Jakarta to develop. We also know that Jakarta has one of the largest populations in the world. This is one of the factors of the ever-increasing major problems. This essay has been divided into three parts. The first part deals with the overpopulation in Jakarta. The second part looks at the traffic jam and flooding that are the major problems of Jakarta. The third part of this essay considers the positive things that are developing in Jakarta as a metropolitan city.Finally, I will conclude my ideas. These help us to the purpose of this essay which is deciding to live in Jakarta in 2050 or not. According to Jakarta Post (Jakarta’s growing numbers, 2010), Jakarta’s population is i ncreasing at an alarming level. According to the recent national census, the capital city is inhabited by nearly 9. 6 million people. The city’s population is 4 percent of the country’s total population of 237. 6 million people. With the new figures, we can see that the city’s population has grown 4. 4 percent over the last 10 years, up from 8. 3 million in 2000.Jakarta is a busy, overcrowded city with traffic chaos every day and slums in many areas. Currently, less than 10 percent of the city is dedicated to open spaces. We can easily guess that urbanization is the biggest factor of population growth in Jakarta because Jakarta attracts people with its advantages. For example, Young farmers prefer to leave their hometowns to work in the city due to a lack of government incentives in the agricultural sector, while people with higher education prefer to work in Jakarta because Jakarta has the best education and job opportunities than other provinces.The problem ca n be solved by reducing disparities between Jakarta and other provinces. One of the major problems in Jakarta is traffic jams. Nowadays the traffic jams become worse it is difficult to go anywhere without delay. Since the modern era, everybody needs transportation to live and we cannot separate transportation and traffic. As Balie (2009) points out, statistic show total vehicles in Jakarta now are about 4,9 million, of which 2,8 million have two wheels and 2,1 million have four wheels. We almost see traffic chaos every time especially at works and school time which is at 7 am and 6 pm.There are some factors that cause traffic jams. The first one is too much private transportation such as cars and motorcycles. We can get motorcycle easily with only 1 million rupiah in Jakarta. People think that using public transportation may lose their privacy and uncomfortable. The second one is the bad conditions of public transportation. Jakarta has some public transportation such as buses, train s, the busway system, taxis and others, but in general it is not in a good condition so people do not want to use it. There is no definite schedule for Transjakarta or trains and both are very crowded.There are many accidents with trains or buses in Jakarta so it is unsafe too. That is why people choose private transportation. Finally, there is frequent violation of traffic regulations. People tend to break the rules because they just think about themselves, and they do not think about others. For example, if students are late for school, they will break the rules or regulations by riding fast even though it is in traffic. On the other hand, the police can be bribed easily so people will repeat their mistakes again and again. Flooding is also a major problem in Jakarta. This occurs in Jakarta repeatedly every rainy season.Jakarta was built below sea-level. The land is below the water, creating a city that is very familiar with the problems of flooding. The government still cannot re solve that problem until now. There are some other factors that cause floods in Jakarta. The first one is a lack of awareness of people in Jakarta to obey rules. People in Jakarta appear selfish and they do not care about others. They often litter everywhere and never think about the damage they cause. For example, they throw garbage in the river or irrigation. It makes the river full of garbage and when it is rainy, it will overflow.In addition, people do not care about their environment in Jakarta. Second reason is natural factors. Heavy rain can cause flooding in Jakarta. Moreover, almost every area in Jakarta is under water and there is no area for water absorption. Flooding gives many disadvantages such as diseases and destroyed neighborhoods. Many children and adults are affected by malaria and other diseases, which are quite dangerous to their safety. Usually the diseases occur in the slums of Jakarta neighborhood where people do not heed the rules. In contrast, Jakarta is a metropolitan city that offers many advantages.Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo (as cited in Smith, 2009) said that Jakarta is not only as Indonesia capital city, but also center of economic, culture, and education. At this moment, Jakarta is growing strongly but its population is at the buffer zones. We can see that Jakarta is a good place for trading and manufacturing. There are lots of foreign companies in Jakarta. Jakarta is the most luxurious and busiest city in Indonesia. The other advantages are entertainment. Jakarta has modern office towers, luxury shopping malls, night clubs, restaurants and cafes, theme parks and many more. It is really comfortable and enjoyable to live in Jakarta.For example, Plaza Indonesia mall offers a theater, luxury cafes and stores that attracts many people to go there. Beside the disadvantages, Jakarta can be a comfortable place to live. It can be concluded that Jakarta as an overpopulated city has some advantages and disadvantages. Jakarta is a beautif ul city and it is a good place to live if we know how to live properly there. Besides that, the problems occur every day in Jakarta because it is a busy city. We face traffic chaos every day and flooding every rainy season. The problems are still unsolved by the government and the citizens.They still put their effort to find the best solutions for Jakarta. In the future, I personally do not want to live in Jakarta if the problems are unsolved. I think Jakarta already has good entertainment and lifestyle but the traffic is too chaotic and the flooding is too dangerous. It is unsafe to live here for a long time with the pollution, diseases, crime, and much more. In 2025 if the government still does not have solutions, Jakarta will be more overpopulated and the traffic will be everywhere. So I would prefer to live in another city that is more comfortable and safe where traffic jams and flooding are not big problems.

Psychology Research methods essays

Psychology Research methods essays Sobel and Lilliths study into the determinants of nonstationary personal space invasion, sets out to examine and explore the behavior and reaction of subjects whose personal space may be violated or crossed into. The study, which was conducted in April 1974 on 34th street in New York City, examined 116 subjects using 2 observers and 2 experimenters. The notion of bias, both for the authors as well as the observers plays a strong part in this study. Both authors have a preconceived idea of what to expect in the study. The authors have developed hypothesiss to back up their theories before the study has started. This type of bias would influence the way in which the study is carried out. As it is a single blind experiment, the observers know what the purpose of the study is. With the observers being aware of this, they also have a preconceived notion of what to expect. An example of this would be if 4 men pulled off first, to avoid brushing into a female. And there is a discrepancy in a 5th subject who is also a man and who is walking towards a female; the observers would tend to say that the man pulled off first, because the 4 previous subjects adhered to the same criteria. The authors failed to mention the age, gender, race and socioeconomic status of their observers in the article. They also failed to mention the racial background of the experimenters. All the subjects that were used in this study were of middle age, and of middle class background. Each person has a different idea of what a middle class person is supposed to look like, depending on clothing, style of dress, jewelry, etc. The observers are making a judgment based on the outward appearance of the subjects to their socioeconomic status. The authors are also assuming that the majority of people on this selected street will be middle age/middle class people. While this type of behavior pattern might be common in big metropolitan centers like NYC. T...